A little millions years ago the territory of the present Emirates reminded the East African savanna: on green plains the deep rivers where there lived crocodiles and hippopotamuses flew, the climate was soft. Persian gulf at that time was long narrow and are small estuary, the majority of present islands did not exist, mountains were more low, and there where the desert is now stretched, water lapped. Arabian peninsula – the part which has separated 120-150 million years ago of the general with Africa of continent.

Numerous archeological finds say that the person has appeared in these edges approximately in 5 millenium BC, i.e. In the late Stone Age. Scientists consider, that it were tribes of cattlemen from Northern Arabia and Syrian desert. In the summer they otkochevyvali deep into deserts where palm trees grew in oases and other fruit-trees, were proved at coast where fished in the winter and collected remained at outflow of molluscs.

In 4500-4000 BC seamen and merchants from Mesopotamia, a pottery bringing here which were not able to do local tribes became frequent visitors of these places. As historians, ancestors emirattsev, probably consider, exchanged them for pearls.

In 3 millenium in territory of the today's Emirates and Oman here has arisen while a little studied civilisation Magan. Local dealers carried in dvureche the copper extracted in mountains Hadzhar and diorit. In 2350 BC Sumer tsar Sargon has made a campaign in Magan where has met incorporated army «32 cities». Assyrians and Persians named this area of Arabia of "Poppy", or "Makija".

Arabs have appeared on peninsula approximately for one-two thousand years B.C. Before occurrence in Arabia of Islam on peninsula has gained distribution Christianity. Judging by hristinskim to annals, nestorianskie churches and monasteries have been built in 5-7 centuries AD in several places. Ruins of a small monastery are found on emiratskom island Bath-jas Cheese. Islam has come on present territory of the United Arab Emirates during lifetime of prophet Mohammed. Now Islam – the state religion of the country.

During the period with 7 for 17 centuries inhabitants Es-Sira were engaged in sea trade. The city of Dzhulfar, near to present Races-ales-hajmy was considered as large port and shopping centre. Local merchants and seamen made campaigns behind the goods to India, South East Asia, China and Indonesia.
Since 1500 for 1650 AD the Persian and Omansky gulfs get under domination of Portugal which way to Arabia has laid Vasko de Din. With 1600 for 1773 was an epoch of trading-colonial expansion in region of the British East Indian company.

At this time at coast of Persian gulf already have arisen shejhstva, and Oman became the strong and large state. In the middle of 18 centuries at Gulf coast in territory present emirata Abu-Dhabis have appeared the Yemen tribes entering into confederation of the Bath-jas. At first they have occupied oases Liva and Silva, and then a coastal zone. The island Abu-Dhabi where in 1761 there was a small town with the same name became the rate of the sheikh from sort Nahajjanov heading tribes. Dynasty Nahajjanov already two and a half century corrects in emirate.

The Arabian tribes in the north of coast have rendered fierce resistance to attempts of British to establish the control over sea trade, attacked and grasped trading and even the military ships. Captains of the East Indian company have named coast «Piracy coast» which became the official name of this area on English cards.

In the beginning of 19 centuries the coast for short time has been won by the Wahhabites who have lifted a banner of sacred war against Englishmen. With 1804 for 1808 Englishmen and their allies maskattsy with variable success conducted operations against tribes of "Piracy coast». In 1809 the incorporated squadron has inflicted defeat vahhabitskomu over fleet and has fired at a city of Races-ales-hajmu from the sea. But in 1814 vahhabitsky the fleet has intercepted the control over navigation, and two next years blocked approaches to Persian gulf.

Having taken advantage of approach of the Egyptian army to Wahhabites to a land, Britain in 1819 has again directed a squadron to «Piracy coast» which has destroyed vahhabitsky fleet and has burnt Races-ales-hajmu. In 1820 local tribes have signed «the General contract on the world» with the Great Britain. Signed in 1835, 1838-39 and 1847 new agreements have strengthened English influence on coast. In 1853 sheikhs of Races-ales-hajmy, the Umm-ale-kajvajna, Adzhmana, Dubai and Abu-Dhabis have signed «the Contract on the constant sea world». «The piracy coast» has been renamed into Contractual Oman. Further some more agreements fixing domination of the Great Britain have been signed.

During board of sheikh Zaeda 1st tribes in territory present emirata Abu-Dhabis have started to win new areas, first of all in an oasis the Ale-burejmi. In the late twenties the mortal blow has been put on coast – to pearls catching to a traditional craft of Arabs. At first the world economic crisis has caused falling of demand for jewelry, including on pearls, and then natural pearls (pearls) have been superseded by the cheap pearls cultivated in corfs which were invented by Japanese Mikimoto. In 1933 in to Shardzha the first airport at coast through which has been built transit flights on a route London – Delhi were carried out.

In the Second World War emiraty participations did not accept, but for the military privileges given to it the Great Britain has raised after war the status shejhstv, having made them emiratami (princedoms), had simultaneously been abolished one of emiratov - Kalba which territory nowadays is a part of Shardzha.

In the late fifties in emirate Abu-Dhabi have been found large stocks of oil, and in 1962 its extraction and export has begun. In 1965 at the initiative of London in Dubai there has passed the first meeting of seven emiratov Contractual Oman on which have been considered 15 large economic projects which should promote development of these territories – highways, power stations, water supply etc.

In 1968 the Great Britain has declared the forthcoming leaving from zones to the east from Suez and a delegation of power to local governors. The same year at meeting in village Samhe in emirate Abu-Dhabi chapters 9 British podmandatnyh emiratov (seven emiratov Contractual coast and Qatar and Bahrain) have discussed for the first time possibility of creation of federation of monarchy after leaving of England from region. Qatar and Bahrain have refused to enter subsequently into the union and declared independence.

The central role in the course of association the head of the biggest and the richest emirata Abu-Dhabi sheikh Zaed Al Nahajjan who has come to power on August, 6th, 1966 as a result of the decision of sheikhs of sort Nahajjan, displaced the correcting emir of sheikh Shahbuta has played.

On December, 1st, 1971 the Great Britain formally declared refusal of the rights on emiraty Contractual coast, and next day emirs of Abu-Dhabi, Dubai, Shardzha, Adzhmana, Fudzhejry and an Umm-ale-kajvajna, gathered in Dubai, have proclaimed creation of the new state – the United Arab Emirates (on February, 16th, 1972 into the union of monarchy has entered emirat Races-ales-hajma). The country population made then not much more than 100 tys chelovke. The decision of heads of seven princedoms which have entered into the High council of the country, by the first president had been selected sheikh Zaed Al Nahajjan who in 2001 has been re-elected for the seventh 5-year-old term of presidency.

In the first time constitution of the country it was specified, that the city of Karama which it was planned to construct halfway between Dubai and Abu-Dhabi will be the future capital of the country. And only in 2001 of Abu-Dhabi became constant official capital United Arab Emirates under the constitution.

Labels: , .

The connected records